"Infighting" mobile phone

With the slowdown in the growth of the global mobile phone market, both mobile phone brands and mobile phone manufacturers are competing for the market. In terms of mobile phone manufacturers, Foxconn again surpassed Samsung in the fourth quarter of last year after experiencing nearly three years of lag. However, this will become a normal phenomenon, and it remains to be seen. In addition, mobile phone manufacturers are constantly undergoing reshuffle and their concentration is gradually increasing. improve. For mobile phone brands, grabbing traffic entrances and expanding Internet services have become an indispensable path for their development. Therefore, Huawei's nine major manufacturers, such as Xiaomi, have promoted unified application and have started the “entrance” battle.

"Ren rivals" Foxconn and Samsung have always been difficult to distinguish between mobile phone manufacturing, and Samsung's dominance in the past three years began to loosen at the end of 2017.

Recently, according to the supply chain report of market research firm IDC, Foxconn surpassed Samsung in the fourth quarter of 2017 to become the world’s largest smartphone manufacturer. After taking orders from Apple’s iPhone8 and iPhoneX, Foxconn once again demonstrated its strength and increased its rankings. It also includes Apple's other maker, Shuo.

However, judging from 2017's annual rankings, Samsung is still firmly in the top position. The top ten smartphone manufacturers are: Samsung, Foxconn, OPPO, vivo, and Hewlett-Packard, LG Electronics, Inventec, Flextronics, and China. Qin communication and ZTE. Among them, Samsung, OPPO, and vivo are typical inhouses, that is, they build their own factories to produce their own brands, and Foxconn, Heshuo, etc., undertake more OEM projects.

A number of industry insiders told 21st Century Business Herald reporter that with the decline of Samsung's market share and Foxconn's shipment of its OEM and private-label brands, Foxconn's defensive success is quite likely. With the increasing concentration of mobile phone brands, the Matthew factory is also behind the Matthew effect.

Turns

In fact, Samsung and Foxconn took the first place among IDC's annual mobile phone manufacturers' rankings, but since 2015, Samsung has been at the top of the list. So why did it start to reverse at the end of last year?

Gao Hongxiang, research manager of IDC global hardware assembly research team, explained to 21st Century Business Herald reporter: “In fact, Foxconn has done a lot of overseas SKD business without statistics, we mainly calculate from the perspective of CKD. On the one hand, Apple’s fourth quarter of 2017 There are about 80 million units, about 70% of which was handed over to Foxconn, which is a lot more than in the third quarter. On the other hand, the Nokia brand is basically designed and produced by Foxconn, and Foxconn, a Sharp brand, holds shares. The proportion is very large. In the past, Sharp also had factories in China. Now part of it has been sent to Foxconn.

Therefore, from the mobile phone brand made by Foxconn, this change is not surprising. Besides Apple, Huawei is a Foxconn customer. Coupled with the upgrade of its own brand, Foxconn is also beyond expectations.

In addition, Samsung's own performance is not optimistic, especially in the Chinese market, the loss of market share is serious. According to data from the data, Samsung’s sales volume is about 300 million units a year, and Apple is about 180 million to 200 million, Foxconn added other customers. The amount of manufacturing is likely to exceed that of Samsung. For Samsung, it is more difficult for the Chinese market to recover again, and Samsung will stick to the Indian market.” Currently, in the Indian mobile phone market, Chinese brands such as millet, OPPO, vivo and Samsung compete fiercely with Samsung. In the past year or two, Samsung’s share in India has been declining. Lao Yu said: "Can not say that the Indian market is deadly to Samsung, but if it is lost, other Asian, African and Latin American markets will be subjected to more and more pressure."

At the same time, Foxconn is not the perfect match. Although Foxconn is trying hard to remove the "factory" code, Apple's orders still support its main business, and profits are gradually thinning. The brand that has been cherishing for many years - the acquisition of Nokia and Sharp has not been easy. Gao Hongxiang pointed out: "The follow-up also depends on the increase of Nokia and Sharp. Nokia's plan is very positive. Nokia shipped about 10.5 million units last year. This year, it announced a target of 30 million. We expect only 3% of global handsets in these two years. It's hard to say whether it will reach a -4% growth, and Foxconn's other brand, InFocus, has very little shipments."

In addition to Samsung and Foxconn, the OPPO and vivo in the rankings are also worth noting. Previously in the industry, it was rumors that these two completely inhouse manufacturers are seeking for OEMs. The industry believes that this is mainly due to the fierce competition in the Indian market, while the low-end and middle-end markets occupy a major share, and OEMs can help brands reduce costs. Sun Yanyi, Dean of the First Cell Phone Research Institute, told the 21st Century Business Herald reporter: “As far as I know, OPPO is looking for ODM manufacturers, and OPPO’s independent research and development will focus on the flagship models. In 2017, OPPO stopped high growth and looked for ODMs. It is a reflection on the layout of India and we feel that we must develop low-end and mid-range mobile phones."

According to the latest research report from CounterpointODMMonitorService, in 2017, shipments of smartphones designed by external ODMs or IDHs accounted for 23% of global smartphone shipments. Looking ahead, we expect shipments of outsourced design smartphones will continue to rise and reach a level of 35% as many of their customers expand to new markets and focus on time to market.

Manufacturers focus

IDC's data shows that in the fourth quarter of 2017, the global smartphone production growth rate stagnated, and production was down 13.8% year-on-year, only a 2.1% increase from the previous quarter. In the case of a slowdown in the growth rate of mobile phones, mobile phone manufacturers also fluctuate. In recent years, the capital chain of foundries has been broken and closed. With the ups and downs of the mobile phone brands, the foundries are constantly reshuffled, but people in the industry think that the current big pattern will not change much.

Lao Yu said: “On the one hand, the growth rate of the mobile phone industry is slowing down. On the other hand, the brand is becoming more and more concentrated, which will also put more pressure on small and medium-sized brands. If the customer of the foundry is a premium brand, it will be relatively stable. If it is relatively small, the trouble will be relatively large.In terms of the country, the foundry is also the first few to do better, Wentai, Huaqin, Longqi, etc., and the foundry also shows a trend of concentration, and the big pattern is still hard to change. However, there are still some small brands in India and other places looking for OEMs, so they have not been completely monopolized by large foundries."

On the outsourcing model for OEMs, Sun Yanjun exemplifies: “Millet’s outsourcing is strategic outsourcing and becomes a foundry’s shareholder. He owns the factory’s outsourced form as a prosperous and glorious person, and loses both at the same time. Another phenomenon is Lenovo’s representative and outsourced. However, it is not easy to catch up with changes in the market; in addition, there are also outsourcing of non-core products, such as Huawei's Chang enjoyment series, handed over to Wingtech and Sinobus, and also to star products.”

He also said that domestic foundry houses have already emerged as leading companies, such as Wingtech, Longqi, Huaqin, and Sino, and their position has become more stable as customers' orders have grown. For example, Huawei released 60 million orders in 2018, Huachen received 30 million, Wentai 20 million, and Sino 10 million. For small foundries, part of the shrinking overseas orders last year have also been shuffled, making it difficult to make profits.

Counterpoint’s report points out that the benefits of outsourcing the design and manufacturing of smart phones to ODMs are obvious, especially in the low-end market where delivery time and costs are sometimes more important than innovation. In particular, Chinese smartphone OEMs (such as Huawei, Xiaomi, Jinli, Meizu, etc.), local leaders in emerging markets (such as Micromax, Lava, etc.) and telecom companies have their own brands of smart phone product line operators (such as China Move, RelianceJio, etc.).

The report also stated that over the past decade, the global ODM/IDH Center has been transferred from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan to Mainland China. Mainland China has concentrated most of the resources on the global IDH/ODM industry value chain and built a strong ecosystem. It enables Mainland China to cover a full range of services including R&D, PCB design, material procurement, supply chain management and product manufacturing; Taiwan, China focuses on equipment manufacturing and EMS business while still offering ODMs to limited OEM manufacturers in high-end areas Japan, the United States and South Korea are major suppliers of advanced components; Southeast Asia such as India and Indonesia are providing assembly services. In 2017, ODM in mainland China alone accounted for more than 90% of global smartphone shipments designed/manufactured by ODM.

In addition, after the global mobile phone market slows down, handset manufacturers are also emerging areas such as servers, smart speakers, AR/VR headsets, and other IoT connected devices.

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